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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Chinese develop the crossbow, many centuries before its use in Europe | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The digits known now as Arabic numerals make their first tentative appearance in India | |
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| c. 250 BC |
| | | The Romans evolve a system of numerals which, until the end of the Middle Ages, is a handicap to western arithmetic | |
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| 221 BC |
| | | The ruthless Qin dynasty establishes control over the whole of central China | |
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| c. 220 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the world with the help of shadows and camels | |
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| 218 BC |
| | | Hannibal crosses the Alps with his elephants, beginning the Second Punic War | |
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| c. 215 BC |
| | | The Qin emperor joins up earlier fortifications to create the Great Wall of China | |
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| 206 BC |
| | | The Qin emperor, Shi Huangdi, is buried at Xi'an with a vast army of terracotta soldiers | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | The earth drawings of the Nazca people, known now as the Nazca Lines, are some of the largest works of art ever created | |
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| c. 200 BC |
| | | Indian cavalrymen ride with their big toes in loops of leather or fabric - a first step towards the stirrup | |
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